In-vitro and In-vivo screening methods for targeting HMBG1 in RA: A comprehensive overview

S. Kalaivanan *, S. Showbharnikhaa, T. Thenmozhi, S. Preethi, A. Ayisha Siddiqkha, A. Hema Malini, K. Rajaganapathy  and R. Srinivasan

Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Tambaram, Chennai 600073, India.
 
Review
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 12(02), 606–621.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1237
Publication history: 
Received on 28 May 2024; revised on 09 July 2024; accepted on 12 July 2024
 
Abstract: 
Targeting High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) holds promise for mitigating inflammation and joint damage. This paper comprehensively overviews In Vitro and In Vivo screening methods for HMGB1 targeting in RA. In Vitro, assays include cell-based assays, ELISA, and Western blotting to assess HMGB1 release, receptor activation, and downstream signalling pathways. In Vivo, models such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats mimic RA pathogenesis and enable evaluation of HMGB1 inhibitors' efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Advanced imaging technologies, including PET and MRI, allow non-invasive visualization of HMGB1 expression In Vivo. Biomarker analyses complement screening methods by correlating HMGB1 levels with disease activity and treatment response. Integration of these screening methods facilitates the development of HMGB1-targeted therapies with the potential to transform RA management. In this review we proposed certain In-vitro and In-vivo screening methods for RA.
 
Keywords: 
Rheumatoid arthritis; HMGB1; Pro and inflammatory cytokine; Screening methods; In-vitro and In-vivo
 
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