A cross sectional study on prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia in patients with STEMI and its relationship with occurrence of arrhythmias

TARUN VASHISTH *, GAJENDRA SHIVALING MAHISHALE and BILAL BIN ABDULLAH

Department of General Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical College & Hospital, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 13(02), 951–958.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2165
Publication history: 
Received on 29 September 2024; revised on 10 November 2024; accepted on 13 November 2024
 
Abstract: 
Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and increased health-care cost. Magnesium and potassium has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its complications. Magnesium ions and potassium ions are considered essential for the maintenance of functional integrity of myocardium. The serum magnesium and potassium concentration was found to have great significance in AMI. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic value of serum magnesium and potassium in AMI.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the dynamic changes in serum magnesium and potassium levels in acute STEMI patients and evaluate whether these levels correlate with presence of arrhythmias.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted over 18 months on 100 patients with acute STEMI. ECG examination was done and blood sample was taken for evaluation of serum magnesium and serum potassium. Statistical analysis was performed to examine correlation with MI and arrhythmias.
Results: In the present study 51-60 years of age were maximum, males were most commonly seen. Mean ±SD of serum magnesium in VPC was 1.900±.3232, sinus tachycardia was 1.850±.1195, maximum in RBBB was 2.200±.000 followed by RBBB/CHB was 2±0, and minimum in 1.288±.5621. Results were found to be significant when comparing type of arrhythmia with serum magnesium. Mean ±SD of serum potassium in VPC was 3.030±.9627, sinus tachycardia was 3.638±.4502, maximum in RBBB was 4.600±.000 and minimum VT/RBBB in 2.850±1.0344. Results were found to be significant.
Conclusion: Patients of AMI with low serum magnesium and potassium levels are found to be more prone to develop arrhythmias as compared to those with normal serum magnesium and potassium levels. Hence, it can be concluded that measurement of serum magnesium and potassium level is of prognostic significance in AMI.
 
Keywords: 
Hypomagnesemia; Hypokalemia; ST elevation MI; Arrhythmias
 
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